CNC Plasma - Plasma


The proceedings focused on using high-temperature electric arc plazmasugárral absorb the substance. Each electrically conductive material can be cut by this procedure. ESAB CUTTING SYSTEMS plasma cutting equipment to recommend that the current strength of 20 to 1000 from 0.5 up to 160 mm thickness of material suitable for cutting. The plasma compressed air, nitrogen, oxygen, or argon-hydrogen medium and high alloy steels, aluminum, copper and other metals and alloys.

• Modern technology, conductive materials, particularly structural steels, stainless steels and non ferrous metals,
• Cut small pieces hővetemedése due to the highly concentrated plasma,
• High-speed cutting (5 - 7 times higher than flame cutting) and a few mellékidő (no heater)
• 0.5 - 160 mm thick material can be cut 1000 At a rate of plasma current,
• Cost-cutting procedure and the vertical structural steel leélezésénél 30 mm thick,
• Superior cutting quality and water-injection plasma finomsugaras proceeding.

CNC HIGH PRESSURE PLASMA TECHNOLOGY

Gázplazmákat the industry long enough to apply. In fact, the arc is considered ősnek, or in some metallurgical operations, electric arc melting materials can also have long known.

Modern plasma technology has gone beyond the simple application of plasma arc and high-speed blast of electricity and thermal stability has created the background. Producing such a stable operating plazmasugarat un plazmatron.

The head inside the high-melting material around the edge of the cathode and the anode, liquid-cooled nozzle. The bars and anódból system consisting of 50 - a few hundred were turned off and the order of 100 A current. The high-temperature plazmasugár the nozzle flow velocity of Mach 2-3 up and this plazmasugár carry out the machining.

The core plazmasugár very high temperature, up to 30 thousand K, but the outer part of the air, only 103 K is about. This is enough, however, all known material melting.

There is another type of plazmatronok, where the RF plasma field is created. The plazmaágyú a high-melting material at one end of an open tube, in which the gas nozzle is introduced (Ar-t). The tube is surrounded by a RF coil, which is inductively coupled to the performance. Csőbenyúló the lighting of a plasma, electron emitter rod ensures the emission by warm temperatures in the high-frequency eddy current. The plasma becomes self-sustaining after the rod is eliminated.

Advantage of this type of plasma that has no electrodes, which párologva pollute the workpiece. Especially the melting of pure materials, single crystals (eg, Al2O3) is used to produce.

Plasma cutting and welding

Plasma

The mechanical technology of high temperature metals are cut into a gas during the flow of oxygen. This ancient, traditional technique, the metal oxide is burned and the fluid flow around the vágatból blows.

Plasma oxidation is less. Mm2 surface of the material is a few tenths of a concentrated high-energy plasma just melts, and the high-speed plazmasugár vágatból removes the melt. The gas flow rate, plasma power and governed in accordance with the focal ármérőjével, very nice, smooth surface tunnel provider. Because of the high-speed driving, the plasma edge after an intensive air cools, the plasma effect does not extend much beyond the focal diameter, and therefore any changes to the material inside is not counted. In contrast, cutting torch, which is predominantly cut metals, other materials suitable for plasma cutting, for example. Al2O3 and other ceramics, glass, quartz, etc..

Less powerful, a very small focused spot diameter plasma electronic devices (Si) can be solved by cutting.

Easily oxidized materials (metals), the price is cut into H2 gas should also be mixed.

Among the metals, aluminum is an excellent cut, which is the traditional technique is notoriously difficult task. Application is a great advantage to disk packs can be cut, if you be laid on each other seamlessly, without the cut edges összehegednének.

Plasma technology can be used advantageously in steel structures for cutting shapes are also together, plazmatechnikával happens, the wall of the tunnel due to the precision and smoothness.

The major components for use in two versions: the plasma and plasma. The radial plazmatron using the ívesnél the role of the anode workpiece is loaded. (Külsőíves plazmatron)

Principle is actually no difference between the two, however, the külsőíves the cost structure is only used for plasma cutting of metals. In this case, the arc on the workpiece passes, and therefore the energy required for fusion of the plasma jet and the arc of electricity supplies. Hence the advantage: high cutting speed, depth of cut is high.

The CNC Plasma arc cutting is not going through the workpiece, the workpiece is not part of the electrical system. The CNC cutting plazmatronból leaving only the beam performs, therefore, suitable for cutting non-metallic materials as well. This is also a disadvantage, because the power is limited, so the thickness is.

Referred to the practice of cutting large metal pieces are used almost exclusively ívvágást.

The plasma cutting tools:

- Power source. In principle, any DC power generating tool. Dynamo used to seeing this task, it is now used in semiconductor rectifier power supplies. The required voltage 50-400 V, current 150-200 A controlled values.

- Plazmatron. The plasma cathode material is usually W or Mo, the copper anode. The high heat load due to water cooling must be provided. The plazmatronba gas feed tube is connected to the valves may be needed for proper shielding gases and the introduction of plasma forming gas.

CNC cutting, mounting and proper plazmatront movements mounted.

- Gas supply system. The required gas cylinders we maintain a suitable pressure through the control head közbeiktatva.

- Cooling. The word was above the anode (nozzle) cooling szükségéről. This should be closed (keringtetős system to solve.)

Of course, if the arresters used in RF plazmakeltést, the induction coil to provide cooling.

More recently, procedures have been there when the increased pressure of water injected into the plasma. As a curiosity that only a small portion of the water evaporates, and the majority remains fluid stream exiting the nozzle, the workpiece cools.

Additional advantage of being less harmful because of the harmful gases (NO, metal vapor) conclude.

The complex mechanism of CNC plasma cutting, general engineering standards to be difficult. Particular brand of cutting device, the manufacturer shall provide the appropriate parameter values, these should be respected.

Plazmasugárral not only cut, but drilling is possible. In this case, the plazmasugár (the workpiece) is, until a total thickness of the disk to fail. Very efficient process, since the time of operation in a few seconds.

Plasma welding

The plasma is similar to the high-energy surface of small plazmasugár koncentrálhatósága makes it suitable for the welding of metals plazmatront trained almost unchanged. The focused beam melts the metal is proportional to the depth within which a performance. So conveniently and accurately control the penetration depth of the desired value. The molten zone width is small, so most of the weld does not require any post processing.

Welding is often used to plazmatront with one electrode to the workpiece itself. This is the so-called external plazmatron arc, which makes it attractive for a simpler structure.

Plazmasugár than the speed of welding is much less than for slaughter. The reason is that the molten metal should not be varratból blow, as the cuts made. Nevertheless, the speed of the conventional arc welding speed is much higher in 2 to 3 times can be.

Scheduled for welding metals külsőíves procedure is used almost exclusively. The welding current varies between 0.1 to 500 A. The low values are scheduled for welding thin plates can be used. Less than 10 A-AC welder welding mikroplazmás called.

Metals and Welding Alloys square alternating current or direct current place.

Auxiliary electrodes before welding takes place in the plasma and giving a sense this should be maintained in the welding of holidays. Segédív This ensures that the főív maintained in all circumstances.

Easily oxidized metals (aluminum), add shielding gas welding to be used by a special environment of seamless supply to the nozzles, forming a curtain around. Ar the best for this purpose, my dear, however, limits its use.

Some of the special procedure under the ellőbb said:

- The combined procedure, and when you combine the belsőíves külsőíves procedure. This ensures that the plasma exists even when no actual welding.

- Consumable electrode welding. The wire is continuously being pushed into the plasma, the arc is actually between the wire and the workpiece is created. This U. n felhordásos welding is a special form. This wire requires the use of shielding gas Ar. Primarily used for corrosion resistant coats.

- Overlay welding material powder applicators. The procedure is similar to, if the material felviendő powder form is fed to the inner plasma, which it melts. The molten particles in the outer arc melted by contact with workpiece reaches.

Welding Equipment and Material roughly equal to the vágáséval, it is not dealt with in more detail.

Some modern applications of plasma welding and inspection of:

Welding of aluminum alloys and Ar + He gas, using DC or RF excited plasma. RF welding plasma is described Brik et al, outlining the main features.

Plasma melting and welding of titanium can be done relatively easily using plazmasugár. The arc voltage and other parameters studied the impact of Nishi et al.

Capacitor welding and ultra-high-speed photography kisütéses examination of Wilson et al describe.

The three-dimensional simulation of welding described.

Plasma
DC plasma is very useful for thermal spraying of various materials part of the heat source for melting the material, partly as high-speed gas flow, the molten material transzportálására speed. The scattering process be applied to any substance known to each fund, which is compatible with the applied layer, ie, not take away chemically, he wakes up in the high voltage between the substrate and the layer rávitt.

Plasma has gained great importance in various high-melting metals, alloys, they may have different protective compounds fölhordásában, for example, wear layers. turbine (turbine) blade coating, heat-resistant trim airplane engines, but the devices also well suited for everyday use. Thus, ceramic coatings on machine parts to make abrasion, valves, taps each other moving surfaces of the coating, but may also be useful in electronics, such as metal-bearing ceramic felszórt.

One very interesting application in the production of üvegfémek, when the high-temperature fémolvadékot cold is applied to medium, very rapid cooling may occur.

The scattering mechanism in brief: The material is sprayed in a belsőíves plazmatron plazmasugarába usually transmitted in the form of powder, which melts the powder and granules in the form of a target moving in the direction of plazmasugárral. A high speed ions of molten material crumble and conflicting with the plasma hits the target. Are losing energy, physically (mechanically) to adhere to the target surface, but it does not absorb it, and usually not too damaging. Another option is the allowance for the plasma to form a continuous wire felszórandó material dispenser.

Plasma spread in two types: the traditional, the atmospheric pressure, the other reduced pressure (50-100 mbar) for atomization and dispersion.

The latter advantage is that circumstances can provide a cleaner, a little bit of pressure because of the distances may be larger, and can be very high speed plazmasugár (2-5 Mach). Smoother operations, therefore, an ideal tool to produce the glass wall.

Both the difficulty of the procedure, unwanted chemical reactions during the establishment of standard deviation, which is usually due to Ar plasma at atmospheric pressure in the shielding gas used and not used it can be avoided.

It must be noted that a sharp distinction must be made plazmaporlasztás and 3 chapter include sputter deposition. There, the layer is manufactured from solid ionbombázás céltárgyból atomic form creates no and no subsequent acceleration. Accordingly, the separation layer is sputtered on the substrate is a slow process, so pl. not be used for the manufacture of glass wall.

A more specific application is not always smooth, and many studied and simulated the process.

Experimental studies in three main forms

a.) plate of precipitation. Microscope slide with a scatter about the test material. 50 g / min. The album is different from the outcome of plazmatron and moved perpendicular to the radius approx. 30 cm / min. The detached layer are analyzed using optical microscope and SEM. In this method, the separation speed, the morphology of the particles can be determined, and you can compare the different plazmatronokat.

b.) gathering dust in a stainless steel bowl. Particular size pan specified time after the collection of particles deposited on the structure, shape, its composition is determined.

c.) Sweet-pot process at the plate and the plazmatron does not move relative to each other. With this method, the layer thickness, uniformity of examination, as well as the number of particles in the molten-solid ratio, porosity, etc. of the layer.

Plazmaszórással produced any layer thickness, good adhesion to the surface, fine szemcseeloszlású solid.

Some interesting applications, and testing. Rapidly cooled alloy production. Production of metallic glasses is an essential condition for the very rapid cooling. Usually 104 to 106 K / s cooling rate is desirable.

M. Palin and D. Apelian iron-manganese, iron, copper alloys of various compositions was produced by 1) rapid lecsapatással glass plate, b) collecting dust, which is a stainless steel bowl caught up and examined.

Porították the raw material of 400 mesh sieve átszitálták number and forwarded this port into the plasma, which operates at pressures less atmoszferikusnál. The plasma forming gas, Ar + He, pressure 40 mbar, the "cannon" power 80 kW, gas velocity of Mach 3. Studied the effects of different spraying conditions and the melting of the layer structure.

Similar studies were undertaken by Smith RW et al Ni-based superalloys in relation to standard deviation.

Keményréteg multilayer coating to protect turbine blades and draw up reports on the characteristics of SiC layer, a layer of ceramic pump components involving typical applications.

Very interesting application of high temperature superconducting ceramic layers plazmaszórással production. Most laser Rétegtechnológiákban VACUUM RF sputter ready to say the compound, possibly koprecipitálással oxide produced components. [8.14.] Report of yttrium-barium-strontium bismuth and cone-cone calcium superconductors Ar + He plasma spraying the production of various media and to investigate the structural properties and superconductivity of the contacts.

Fine granular form of aluminum nitride for Plasma nitrogen plasma produced by the interaction of aluminum and Yamaguchi et al

Plasma production of a special technique of artificial corundum. The plasma was Al2O3 powder ingest. The plasma melted anyagsugár way kristálymagot placed in Al2O3 crystal form is deposited on it. Appropriate settings in case of large single crystals can be prepared. The dyes can also be forwarded to the plazmasugárba. CNC Plasma

Plazmasugárral súrlódáscsökkentés, for a variety of plastics, electrical insulation is sprayed.

Súrlódáscsökkentést best be achieved with a layer of Teflon, while often sufficient for the insulation of polyethylene, perlon well. Best, but expensive enough to stick.